1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The laws and constants of physics and the fundamental forces in our universe have very ①exact forms and values. This means that, if they were only very slightly different, life would not have been possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has enabled our universe to arise by permitting the ②combination of dust and gas particles to protostars around which planets later came to orbit, including the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry, as we know it, would not have been possible and life, which is based on organic chemistry, could not have ③begun. The universe was not designed for us to evolve, we have no ④special position in the universe; however, the laws and constants of physics ⑤prevented advanced life to evolve.

① exact
② combination
③ begun
④ special
⑤ prevented

2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

When considering the current state of society, many individuals think that conditions are ①worsening and we are facing a crisis. But is this really true? People need to develop a more ②precise perspective by relying solely on facts to form their opinions. Of course, it is a natural human instinct to focus on frightening events. This is why people usually ③overlook news stories about serious crimes such as murders much more easily than other types of reports. But this internal filter can easily create the impression that violent acts are occurring with increasing frequency. The truth of the matter is that they are less common now than in the past; in fact, the murder rate in the United States has ④declined by almost 50 percent over the past 30 years. So, it is important to always ask, “Are my beliefs based on ⑤reliable information?”

① worsening
② precise
③ overlook
④ declined
⑤ reliable

3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

In recent years, a number of anthropologists have decided to ①reverse the lens. Throughout much of the history of this field, researchers from Western countries focused on the study of cultures that were beyond their own experiences. Being an “objective” outsider was thought to be the best way to draw ②sound conclusions about the society being observed. Now, however, some researchers have begun to ③reduce anthropological techniques to increase their knowledge of the societies that they themselves are a part of. Noted anthropologist Gillian Tett decided to apply the practices of this discipline to better understand corporations — she used the framework of anthropology to ④enter the banking sector and came to the conclusion that “risks were building in this strange, shadowy world.” Because of her willingness to view an aspect of her own culture with the same level of ⑤impartiality that anthropologists traditionally strive for when studying more “exotic” ones, Tett was one of the few people to accurately predict the 2008 financial crisis.

① reverse
② sound
③ reduce
④ enter
⑤ impartiality

4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

There is a common assumption that innovation in business is the result of extensive employee ①independence. Imagine a software company that hopes to create groundbreaking applications that will ②appeal to the imagination of consumers. To achieve this goal, it may decide to release several of its best developers from their current projects and allow them to explore different ideas without restraint. Contrary to expectation, granting this freedom will not necessarily ③discourage their creativity or produce breakthrough ideas. The key to meaningful innovation is ④organization — employees need clearly defined goals, extensive support from management, and systems to measure progress. All of this is necessary to ensure that the ideas being generated are practical and ⑤match into the company’s business model, as well as to set up an infrastructure to effectively execute any concepts with the potential to develop into successful products.

① independence
② appeal to
③ discourage
④ organization
⑤ match

5. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Have you ever felt depressed but told a friend “Everything is great”? Chances are, the sound of your voice — and perhaps a sigh — gave you away and failed to ①persuade your friend of the truthfulness of your statement. According to the results of research published in American Psychologist, up to 24 kinds of emotions are ②detectable from the tone of our voice and our nonverbal exclamations, known as vocal bursts. They can ③conceal complex emotions ranging from surprise (gasp) and realization (ohhh) to interest (ah?) and confusion (huh?). In the study, more than 2,000 vocal bursts were recorded by actors around the world and then ④assessed by people recruited online. All of the vocal bursts were then categorized as correlating with a ⑤recognizable emotion. This shows that, whether we are aware of our own vocal bursts or not, others pick up on them and can identify them, suggesting that our feelings are difficult to fake.

① persuade
② detectable
③ conceal
④ assessed
⑤ recognizable

6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are digital tokens that are purchased and sold online and ①represent real-world objects such as photos, videos, and artwork. NFTs function as certificates of ownership for those items, and these tokens cannot be duplicated, meaning that such a certificate is not interchangeable and there can only be one owner at a time. Although many NFTs are costly, buying them is quickly gaining ②appeal as doing so gives a collector a unique and special connection to the work, with their purchase being marked on a blockchain. However, as there are currently no regulations ③controlling the making and selling of NFTs, there are copyright threats associated with them. This is due to the fact that anyone — not just the copyright holder — can publish a token for a particular item on the blockchain and put that NFT on the market, a process also known as “minting.” This means there is a possibility artists might see an NFT created for their work without their permission, which is ④similar to using copyrighted material in your work without securing a license. Such a situation can therefore ⑤protect artists’ rights rather than expose them to possible violation.

① represent
② appeal
③ controlling
④ similar
⑤ protect

7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The Ptolemaic System, devised by Ptolemy in the second century AD, is a mathematical model in which an immobile Earth is situated at the center of the universe. Other celestial bodies, including the planets, Moon, Sun, and stars, ①circle around Earth in this system. According to Ptolemy, the universe is composed of fixed, transparent spheres, and heavenly bodies are ②fastened to these spheres which have their own particular rotations. The celestial sphere, which is the ③largest, exists to hold the stars and marks the ④center of this universe. This concept of spheres making up the universe with Earth at its center ⑤persisted long after Ptolemy and wasn’t overturned until around 1400 years later. It was then that Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the universe, meaning that Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun.

① circle
② fastened
③ largest
④ center
⑤ persisted

8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

John Cage (1912–1992) was a composer known for ①challenging tradition. He experimented with playing instruments in unconventional ways and ②combining together tones and rhythms that did not follow established musical structures. He is best known for a controversial piece that, from a traditional perspective, can hardly be called “music.” That piece is 4’33”, so named because it lasts exactly four minutes and 33 seconds. For its duration, neither instruments nor vocalists produce a single note. The idea for Cage was that, throughout the period of “silence,” the audience would find that there was not silence at all; they would become ③unaware of the ambient sounds around them that would typically be ignored. Cage had ④toyed with the idea of the piece for years, but he became convinced of its value after spending time in an anechoic chamber, where the silence was so ⑤intense that he was able to hear his own blood circulation.

① challenging
② combining
③ unaware
④ toyed
⑤ intense