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1번. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

When considering the current state of society, many individuals think that conditions are deteriorating and we are facing a crisis. But is this really true?

① People need to develop a more accurate perspective by relying solely on facts to form their opinions.

② Of course, it is a natural human instinct to focus on frightening events.

③ News organizations often compete to produce more visually dramatic reports in order to attract larger audiences.

④ This is why people usually remember news stories about serious crimes such as murders much more easily than other types of reports.

⑤ But this internal filter can easily create the impression that violent acts are occurring with increasing frequency.

2. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

In recent years, a number of anthropologists have decided to flip the lens. Throughout much of the history of this field, researchers from Western countries focused on the study of cultures that were beyond their own experiences.

① Being an “objective” outsider was thought to be the best way to draw accurate conclusions about the society being observed.

② Now, however, some researchers have begun to utilize anthropological techniques to increase their knowledge of the societies that they themselves are a part of.

③ Many banking corporations have recently expanded their digital services to attract younger customers and improve convenience for mobile users.

④ Noted anthropologist Gillian Tett decided to apply the practices of this discipline to better understand corporations — she used the framework of anthropology to immerse herself in the banking sector and came to the conclusion that “risks were building in this strange, shadowy world.”

⑤ Because of her willingness to view an aspect of her own culture with the same level of neutrality that anthropologists traditionally strive for when studying more “exotic” ones, Tett was one of the few people to accurately predict the 2008 financial crisis.

3. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

There is a common assumption that innovation in business is the result of extensive employee autonomy. Imagine a software company that hopes to create groundbreaking applications that will capture the imagination of consumers.

① To achieve this goal, it may decide to release several of its best developers from their current projects and allow them to explore different ideas without restraint.

② Many software companies also invest heavily in colorful office spaces and free meals to improve employee satisfaction.

③ Contrary to expectation, granting this freedom will not necessarily stimulate their creativity or produce breakthrough ideas.

④ The key to meaningful innovation is structure — employees need clearly defined goals, extensive support from management, and systems to measure progress.

⑤ All of this is necessary to ensure that the ideas being generated are practical and fit into the company’s business model, as well as to set up an infrastructure to effectively execute any concepts with the potential to develop into successful products.

4. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Have you ever felt depressed but told a friend “Everything is great”? Chances are, the sound of your voice — and perhaps a sigh — gave you away and failed to convince your friend of the truthfulness of your statement.

① According to the results of research published in American Psychologist, up to 24 kinds of emotions are decipherable from the tone of our voice and our nonverbal exclamations, known as vocal bursts.

② They can reveal complex emotions ranging from surprise (gasp) and realization (ohhh) to interest (ah?) and confusion (huh?).

③ Because vocal bursts are often brief, many language teachers use them to improve students’ pronunciation accuracy in foreign language classes.

④ In the study, more than 2,000 vocal bursts were recorded by actors around the world and then evaluated by people recruited online.

⑤ All of the vocal bursts were then categorized as correlating with a recognizable emotion. This shows that, whether we are aware of our own vocal bursts or not, others pick up on them and can identify them, suggesting that our feelings are difficult to fake.

5. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are digital tokens that are purchased and sold online and represent real-world objects such as photos, videos, and artwork.

① NFTs function as certificates of ownership for those items, and these tokens cannot be duplicated, meaning that such a certificate is not interchangeable and there can only be one owner at a time.

② Although many NFTs are costly, buying them is quickly gaining popularity as doing so gives a collector a unique and special connection to the work, with their purchase being marked on a blockchain.

③ Many artists also prefer to work with physical paint and canvas rather than creating digital artwork for online platforms.

④ However, as there are currently no regulations governing the making and selling of NFTs, there are copyright threats associated with them.

⑤ This is due to the fact that anyone — not just the copyright holder — can publish a token for a particular item on the blockchain and put that NFT on the market, a process also known as “minting.”

6. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

The Ptolemaic System, devised by Ptolemy in the second century AD, is a mathematical model in which an immobile Earth is situated at the center of the universe. Other celestial bodies, including the planets, Moon, Sun, and stars, revolve around Earth in this system.

① According to Ptolemy, the universe is composed of fixed, transparent spheres, and heavenly bodies are attached to these spheres which have their own particular rotations.

② The celestial sphere, which is the largest, exists to hold the stars and marks the boundary of this universe.

③ Ancient astronomers often used the stars to create calendars for agricultural activities in different regions.

④ This concept of spheres making up the universe with Earth at its center endured long after Ptolemy and wasn’t overturned until around 1400 years later.

⑤ It was then that Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the universe, meaning that Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun.

7. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

John Cage (1912–1992) was a composer known for defying tradition. He experimented with playing instruments in unconventional ways and piecing together tones and rhythms that did not follow established musical structures.

① He is best known for a controversial piece that, from a traditional perspective, can hardly be called “music.”

② That piece is 4’33”, so named because it lasts exactly four minutes and 33 seconds.

③ Cage also believed that music education should begin with strict technical drills before any creative exploration.

④ For its duration, neither instruments nor vocalists produce a single note.

⑤ The idea for Cage was that, throughout the period of “silence,” the audience would find that there was not silence at all; they would become aware of the ambient sounds around them that would typically be ignored.

8. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

“Only in relation to our imagination can things be called beautiful or ugly…” Baruch Spinoza points out the socially constructed nature of beauty and ugliness through his theories, as ideas and definitions related to these concepts have shifted so often over time.

① Artistically speaking, those words have both had moral and aesthetic implications; “ugly” has denoted the bad while “beautiful” has been applied to the good.

② But are these terms this simple?

③ Many artists rely on expensive materials and large galleries to make their art more visible to the public.

④ Why must “ugly” have a negative connotation?

⑤ After all, ugly art can be interesting and unique.

9. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

That which is forgotten is not always lost. Research shows that memories remain stored even if we can’t readily retrieve them.

① Take the brain activity of numerous university students who were observed during memory formation and recall.
② Many students also report that listening to music helps them concentrate better while studying for exams.
③ When students were asked to remember as much as they could about a list of words they’d been given earlier in the study, fMRI scans showed that the brain activity throughout recall was the same as in the course of the learning process.
④ Even when students had forgotten most of what they had learned, the original neurological patterns were still picked up, illustrating that the memories were still there despite being unattainable.
⑤ Much is still unclear regarding how long memories persist, but evidence like this has shown that it might be longer than we think.

10. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Assistive technologies allow disabled individuals to perform an array of tasks without the aid of another person, thereby increasing their level of independence.

① Although recent developments have improved the functionality of assistive technologies, the corresponding increase in complexity necessitates that sufficient training be offered to the people with disabilities who will use them.
② While some devices can be easily incorporated into a person’s life with a minimum of instruction, others are more sophisticated and require a significant amount of knowledge to be utilized effectively.
③ Many assistive technologies are designed in a variety of colors and styles so that users can choose products that match their personal preferences.
④ In fact, a number of studies have shown that people who avoid new assistive technologies report feeling intimidated by the complex interfaces and many optional features, which leads them to believe that they are unqualified to operate them.
⑤ Fortunately, individuals who are provided with access to ongoing support have an increased likelihood of overcoming this barrier and integrating new assistive technologies into their day-to-day routine, greatly enhancing the overall quality of their life.

11. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

In Adam Smith’s 1759 work The Theory of Moral Sentiments, he posited that, although everyone is driven to a certain extent by self-interest and personal passions, we act in accordance with others’ expectations. ① As members of society, we are keenly aware of what behaviors are considered objectionable to the majority and what are not based on the reactions we receive or witness. ② Because we have a natural ability to empathize and want others to see us as morally accountable, we are taught that we must do what is perceived as the right thing. ③ Smith also believed that economic productivity depends primarily on the efficient division of labor in growing markets. ④ To help us determine whether we are doing the right thing, Smith suggested that we each have a conscience that informs us of how our behavior will be interpreted. ⑤ This “impartial spectator,” as he called it, prevents us from being overly interested in our own affairs and causes us to do things that are worthy of society’s praise rather than its reproach.

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