1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The laws and constants of physics and the fundamental forces in our universe have very precise forms and values. This means that, if they ①were only very slightly different, life would not have been possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has enabled our universe to arise by ②permitting the aggregation of dust and gas particles to protostars around which planets later came to orbit, including the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry, as we know it, ③would not have been possible and life, which is based on organic chemistry, could not have started. The universe was not designed for us to evolve, we have no privileged position in the universe; however, the laws and constants of physics ④allowed advanced life to ⑤evolve.

① were
② permitting
③ would not have been
④ allowed
⑤ evolve

2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

In recent years, a number of anthropologists have decided to flip the lens. Throughout much of the history of this field, researchers from Western countries focused on the study of cultures ① that were beyond their own experiences. Being an “objective” outsider was thought to be the best way ② to draw accurate conclusions about the society being observed. Now, however, some researchers have begun to utilize anthropological techniques to increase their knowledge of the societies ③ which they themselves are a part of. Noted anthropologist Gillian Tett decided to apply the practices of this discipline to better understand corporations — she used the framework of anthropology to immerse herself in the banking sector and ④ came to the conclusion that “risks were building in this strange, shadowy world.” Because of her willingness to view an aspect of her own culture with the same level of neutrality that anthropologists traditionally strive for when studying more “exotic” ones, Tett was one of the few people ⑤ to accurately predicted the 2008 financial crisis.

① that were
② to draw
③ which they themselves are a part of
④ came
⑤ to accurately predicted

3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Have you ever felt depressed but told a friend “Everything is great”? Chances are, the sound of your voice — and perhaps a sigh — ①gave you away and failed to convince your friend of the truthfulness of your statement. According to the results of research published in American Psychologist, up to 24 kinds of emotions are decipherable from the tone of our voice and our nonverbal exclamations, ②known as vocal bursts. They can reveal complex emotions ranging from surprise (gasp) and realization (ohhh) to interest (ah?) and confusion (huh?). In the study, more than 2,000 vocal bursts were recorded by actors around the world and then ③evaluating by people recruited online. All of the vocal bursts were then categorized as correlating with a recognizable emotion. This shows that, whether we are aware of our own vocal bursts or not, others pick up on them and can ④identify them, ⑤suggesting that our feelings are difficult to fake.

① gave
② known
③ evaluating
④ identify
⑤ suggesting

4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The Ptolemaic System, ①devised by Ptolemy in the second century AD, is a mathematical model in which an immobile Earth is situated at the center of the universe. Other celestial bodies, including the planets, Moon, Sun, and stars, ②revolve around Earth in this system. According to Ptolemy, the universe is composed of fixed, transparent spheres, and heavenly bodies are attached to these spheres ③which have their own particular rotations. The celestial sphere, which is the largest, exists to hold the stars and marks the boundary of this universe. This concept of spheres making up the universe with Earth at its center endured long after Ptolemy and ④wasn’t overturned until around 1400 years later. It was then that Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the universe, meaning that Earth and the other planets ⑤orbits the Sun.

① devised
② revolve
③ which
④ wasn’t overturned
⑤ orbits