1번. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Inflation tends to have a negative connotation because it is commonly associated with reduced purchasing power and monetary savings. Some economists, however, insist that a healthy amount of inflation might actually work in the public’s favor. Most notably, distinguished economist John Maynard Keynes asserted that moderate inflation is critical to counteract the paradox of thrift, which states that savings can actually be damaging to economic growth. If people are not spending their money, the economy suffers because there is less overall demand. Inflation can also give a financial boost to those in debt, such as mortgage borrowers and people with student loans. The value of loans decreases with inflation and this in turn encourages spending. Inflation targeting — or making adjustments to stick to an inflation rate that is chosen — is used by central banks all over the world with the goal of stimulating the economy and maintaining maximum employment. If people know that prices will rise in the future, it motivates them to buy goods and services now.

① worried
② indifferent
③ hopeful
④ ashamed
⑤ confused

2. 다음 글에 드러난 서술자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

When looking at the simplicity of human cells, the smallest building blocks of organic life, imagining that viruses — even less complex entities — could overtake them is difficult. Yet they can, and they do. The simplest viruses have only two parts: DNA or RNA that is a blueprint for making more viruses and a protein shell for protection. However, though they contain the instructions for reproduction, they lack the proper chemical substances — enzymes — to be able to do so on their own. They need a host to be able to do anything at all. They first infiltrate a cell, and then, once inside, add their genetic blueprint. The cell does not realize the difference and unknowingly begins to produce more of the virus instead of replicating itself. Each new virus can then infect another cell, repeating the infection cycle.

① curious
② relieved
③ grateful
④ delighted
⑤ relaxed

3. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Common-pool resources are goods that are available to a large majority of the public even though they have a limited stock that is vulnerable to abuse. For example, although there are plentiful forests, if every person were to collect as much wood as possible from these forests, their decline would be inevitable. A good such as this can be exploited over time, leading to an unreliable supply as individuals consume the resource to the detriment of others. A shortage impacts not only other members of a society or community but the very ones who seek out the supply and are able to consume it, too. This is what’s known as the “tragedy of the commons.” Preventing the overconsumption or depletion of such goods is accomplished through a number of actions, including government regulation and making the once common-pool resource into a private good. Collective action is also an effective method of controlling the consumption of the resource because individuals work together to preserve it.

① indifferent
② worried
③ delighted
④ embarrassed
⑤ relaxed

4. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Greed is a biologically based behavior intrinsic to human nature. Urges are fundamental to the survival of all living creatures, and yet humans not only experience desire from a biological standpoint, but from a social one as well. This differentiates the impulses humans have from those felt by animals, such as the drive to reproduce. People desire more than to merely stay alive; they also want material possessions and wealth. But in the modern world, greed is somewhat of a paradox, since individual behavior that resembles greed is natural and encouraged — people are advised to seek wealth and prosperity to the best of their abilities — while greed itself is condemned by society. This is because while greed actually benefits the individual, it can come at a cost for civilization when unrestricted. Sociologists assert that society aims to find an equilibrium of motivating individuals with greed while still limiting unrestrained greed by labeling it as a vice.

① grateful
② confused
③ delighted
④ indifferent
⑤ frustrated

5. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Cloud computing has already transformed how many businesses operate around the world, and it will also soon shape people’s lifestyles. One of the most significant changes has been increased flexibility in the workplace. Now that companies have the power to store, process, and manage all of their files on the cloud, employees are able to access data remotely as long as they can connect to the Internet. They no longer have to physically visit an office in order to obtain certain information and can virtually collaborate with others rather than setting aside time to meet. Cloud storage also means that people will not need to rely on as many devices to use or share content. A person can simply save their files on the cloud, generate links, and invite others to view them rather than having to go through the process of using a USB drive.

① worried
② hopeful
③ frustrated
④ indifferent
⑤ ashamed

6. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

As popular culture has migrated from celebrity-centric to influencer-centric, money has moved along with it. This has led to the establishment of the creator economy. Powered by social media stars, this new ecosystem is in rapid growth. But it wasn’t always such a profitable field, and “Internet celebrities” were once looked down upon by the old guards of traditional marketplaces. Not much of a surprise, considering they barely made anything and had yet to penetrate their way fully into the consciousness of the public. Then suddenly, Internet platforms began their meteoric rise and became the birthplace for social media giants who amassed huge followings. This resulted in a change in power dynamics. Platforms now must be able to compensate their influencers who bring in millions of users. And even then, it may not be enough, as more and more creators are accumulating wealth on their own terms.

① indifferent
② worried
③ proud
④ ashamed
⑤ confused

7. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

If science and technology continue on the current trajectory, the end result can only be the extinction of homo sapiens as a species or at least civilization as we know it. At some point, Artificial Intelligence will be perfected, which will spawn even more intelligence, and so forth, making humanity irrelevant. Therefore, it is in the interest of our existence to temper our need for discovery with the wisdom of restraint. Philosophy, in this regard, is our best weapon against the untamed dangers of scientific exploration. While often thought of as an opposing force, philosophy is actually closely associated with science and robust enough to ward off crises. Philosophy shares the ideals of logic and rigorous argumentation with science. However, unlike science, which only asks how, philosophy asks why. This is a consideration lacking in science but sorely needed.

① indifferent
② worried
③ delighted
④ relaxed
⑤ jealous

8. 다음 글에 드러난 화자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Mental rehearsal describes the technique of practicing an action in your mind before performing it in real life. It is common with athletes but is just as useful in a wide variety of other fields and endeavors. Its benefits are well-known and include increased confidence and concentration, reduced anxiety, and the ability to envision solutions to potential problems. To get the best results, it helps to engage as many of your senses as you can. You might visualize yourself crossing the finish line at a race or shaking a client’s hand over a successfully completed deal. Then, with your sense of hearing, you might imagine the roar of a cheering crowd or words of congratulations from your colleagues. Picturing positive outcomes such as these can help any concerns you might have about your preparedness melt away and give you a sense of control over an upcoming event.

① confused
② anxious
③ confident
④ regretful
⑤ indifferent

9. 다음 글에 드러난 실제 실험 참여자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the 1950s, Solomon Asch demonstrated the power of peer pressure in an experiment in which participants took a visual perception test requiring them to identify a line that was closest in length to another. This was a simple task, with the correct answer being obvious to participants in independent tests prior to the actual experiment. During the actual experiment, a single study participant was put in a room with several actors. The actors had been told beforehand to provide wrong answers to the questions, and it was found that the effect this had on the actual study participant was to go along with the rest of the group out of fear of being ridiculed. In fact, despite the correct answer being clear to them, many of the participants agreed with the majority and provided the incorrect answer in critical trials of this experiment. However, when two participants were included in the same study instead of just one, and both were aware of what the correct answer was, they almost never followed the majority.

① grateful
② anxious
③ delighted
④ indifferent
⑤ proud

10. 다음 글에 드러난 필자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Many people read translated versions of classics like the Odyssey. While translations may seem convenient, we can’t always be sure that we fully understand what the original writers were trying to say because not all translations are reliable. The thing is, translators must be equally proficient in both languages involved in a translation, and they must have a good understanding of the work itself. Exact translations can be impossible due to the use of figurative language, which can’t be translated literally. Furthermore, the words writers use in their work are often chosen very carefully. For instance, poets may select words that rhyme, which may not be possible to duplicate in another language. The original meaning can therefore be lost. The director of the British Centre for Literary Translation commented on the issue, insisting, “There’s not a single word in any of the languages I translate that can map perfectly onto a word in English. So it’s always interpretative, approximate, creative.”

① grateful
② worried
③ delighted
④ indifferent
⑤ relaxed

11. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

After the devastating flood of 1927, Congress approved the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project, which resulted in the construction of levees and floodways. This disrupted the delicate balance of the Mississippi’s watercourses, and the surrounding wetlands began to subside. So far, Louisiana wetlands have disappeared. This disaster has taken a heavy toll. The vanishing swamps not only play a vital role in storm surge reduction and nutrient filtration but also are a critical ecosystem. In fact, almost half of the threatened and endangered species in America depend on wetlands. One potential answer is Louisiana’s Coastal Master Plan. It aims to recreate the natural processes that built the state’s delta, which would protect existing wetlands and restore areas that have been lost. There is an easy way the public can assist, too: eating oysters. Oyster shells can be used to rebuild the reefs. Shells have been used for this already, thanks to recycling programs at Louisiana restaurants.

① indifferent
② hopeful
③ embarrassed
④ joyful
⑤ relaxed

12. 다음 글에 드러난 글쓴이의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

When looking at the simplicity of human cells, the smallest building blocks of organic life, imagining that viruses — even less complex entities — could overtake them is difficult. Yet they can, and they do. The simplest viruses have only two parts: DNA or RNA that is a blueprint for making more viruses and a protein shell for protection. However, though they contain the instructions for reproduction, they lack the proper chemical substances — enzymes — to be able to do so on their own. They need a host to be able to do anything at all. They first infiltrate a cell, and then, once inside, add their genetic blueprint. The cell does not realize the difference and unknowingly begins to produce more of the virus instead of replicating itself. Each new virus can then infect another cell, repeating the infection cycle.

① curious
② relieved
③ grateful
④ frustrated
⑤ delighted