1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

When considering the current state of society, many individuals ① think that conditions are deteriorating and we are facing a crisis. But is this really true? People need ② to develop a more accurate perspective by relying solely on facts to form their opinions. Of course, it is a natural human instinct to focus on frightening events. This is why people usually remember news stories about serious crimes such as murders much more easily than other types of reports. But this internal filter can easily create the impression that violent acts ③ are occurring with increasing frequency. The truth of the matter is that they are less common now than in the past; in fact, the murder rate in the United States ④ have declined by almost 50 percent over the past 30 years. So, it is important to always ask, “Are my beliefs based on accurate information?”

① think
② to develop
③ are occurring
④ have declined
⑤ based on

2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

In recent years, a number of anthropologists ① have decided to flip the lens. Throughout much of the history of this field, researchers from Western countries focused on the study of cultures ② that were beyond their own experiences. Being an “objective” outsider was thought to be the best way ③ drawing accurate conclusions about the society being observed. Now, however, some researchers have begun to utilize anthropological techniques to increase their knowledge of the societies ④ that they themselves are a part of. Noted anthropologist Gillian Tett decided to apply the practices of this discipline to better understand corporations, and she used the framework of anthropology to immerse herself in the banking sector and came to the conclusion that risks ⑤ were building in this strange, shadowy world.

① have decided
② that were
③ drawing
④ that they themselves
⑤ were building

3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

There is a common assumption that innovation in business is the result of extensive employee autonomy. Imagine a software company that hopes ① to create groundbreaking applications that will capture the imagination of consumers. To achieve this goal, it may decide ② releasing several of its best developers from their current projects and allow them to explore different ideas without restraint. Contrary to expectation, granting this freedom will not necessarily stimulate their creativity or produce breakthrough ideas. The key to meaningful innovation is structure — employees ③ need clearly defined goals, extensive support from management, and systems ④ to measure progress. All of this is necessary to ensure that the ideas being generated are practical and fit into the company’s business model, as well as ⑤ to set up an infrastructure to effectively execute any concepts with the potential to develop into successful products.

① to create
② releasing
③ need
④ to measure
⑤ to set up

4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

Have you ever felt depressed but told a friend “Everything is great”? Chances are, the sound of your voice — and perhaps a sigh — ① gave you away and failed to convince your friend of the truthfulness of your statement. According to the results of research ② published in American Psychologist, up to 24 kinds of emotions are decipherable from the tone of our voice and our nonverbal exclamations, known as vocal bursts. They can reveal complex emotions ranging from surprise and realization to interest and confusion. In the study, more than 2,000 vocal bursts ③ were recorded by actors around the world and then evaluated by people recruited online. All of the vocal bursts were then categorized as ④ correlating with a recognizable emotion. This shows that, whether we are aware of our own vocal bursts or not, others pick up on them and can identify ⑤ them, suggesting that our feelings are difficult to fake.

① gave
② published
③ were recorded
④ correlating
⑤ them

5. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are digital tokens that are purchased and sold online and represent real-world objects such as photos, videos, and artwork. NFTs function as certificates of ownership for those items, and these tokens cannot be duplicated, meaning that such a certificate is not interchangeable and there can only be one owner at a time. Although many NFTs are costly, buying them is quickly gaining popularity as doing so gives a collector a unique and special connection to the work, with their purchase ① being marked on a blockchain. However, as there are currently no regulations governing the making and selling of NFTs, there ② is copyright threats associated with them. This is due to the fact that anyone — not just the copyright holder — can publish a token for a particular item on the blockchain and ③ put that NFT on the market, a process also known as “minting.” This means there is a possibility artists might see an NFT ④ created for their work without their permission, which is comparable to ⑤ using copyrighted material in your work without securing a license.

① being marked
② is
③ put
④ created
⑤ using

6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

The Ptolemaic System, devised by Ptolemy in the second century AD, is a mathematical model in ① which an immobile Earth is situated at the center of the universe. Other celestial bodies, including the planets, Moon, Sun, and stars, ② revolves around Earth in this system. According to Ptolemy, the universe is composed of fixed, transparent spheres, and heavenly bodies are attached to these spheres ③ which have their own particular rotations. The celestial sphere, which is the largest, exists to hold the stars and marks the boundary of this universe. This concept of spheres making up the universe with Earth at its center endured long after Ptolemy and ④ wasn’t overturned until around 1400 years later. It was then that Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the universe, meaning that Earth and the other planets ⑤ orbit the Sun.

① which
② revolves
③ which
④ wasn’t
⑤ orbit

7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

John Cage (1912–1992) was a composer known for defying tradition. He experimented with ① playing instruments in unconventional ways and piecing together tones and rhythms that did not follow established musical structures. He is best known for a controversial piece ② that, from a traditional perspective, can hardly be called “music.” That piece is 4’33”, so named because it lasts exactly four minutes and 33 seconds. For its duration, neither instruments nor vocalists ③ produces a single note. The idea for Cage was that, throughout the period of “silence,” the audience would find that there was not silence at all; they would become aware of the ambient sounds around them that would typically be ignored. Cage had toyed with the idea of the piece for years, but he became convinced of its value after ④ spending time in an anechoic chamber, where the silence was so overwhelming that he was able ⑤ to hear his own blood circulation.

① playing
② that
③ produces
④ spending
⑤ to hear

8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

In his 1935 essay “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” Walter Benjamin ① contended that the aura of original art had disappeared in the modern age as a result of new forms of replicable media technology. For Benjamin, art possessed an aura that ② was derived from its physical uniqueness. Making a copy, as one might do with a photograph or a film, he argued, removed the artwork from its original context, ③ destroying its authenticity. Before the age of mechanical reproduction, viewing an image or an object required one to be in the presence of the original piece, allowing for a more personal experience. By producing copies and making it possible for many people to see the work simultaneously, however, ④ a viewer were no longer fully absorbed in it because the individual connection was eliminated. Instead, the viewers, “the distracted mass,” collectively ⑤ absorbed the art.

① contended
② was derived
③ destroying
④ a viewer were
⑤ absorbed

9. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

The scientific method is based on the principle of methodological naturalism. Proponents of this approach to providing explanations about the universe assert ①that truths can only be realized by studying natural events and phenomena. In particular, they prefer that the objects of scientific research ②be tangible so that it is absolutely clear that they are real and not imagined. The philosophy behind this strategy is that natural things in the physical world can be tested and experimented on, whereas theories about other potential causes for events ③cannot be. Essentially, methodological naturalism embraces the skepticism of the phrase “seeing is believing.” In other words, it does not allow for belief or emotion ④to be considered. This requirement has formed an essential part of the scientific method since the Enlightenment, when logic and reason ⑤has begun to replace old worldviews.

① that truths can only be realized
② be tangible
③ cannot be
④ to be considered
⑤ has begun