1. 다음 글의 요약문으로 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

A first step toward establishing a respectful classroom learning community is acceptance of all ideas and answers—regardless of any obvious errors. Rich mathematical discussions cannot occur if this expectation is not in place. We must remember that wrong answers are often rooted in misconceptions, and unless these ideas are allowed to be brought to the forefront, we cannot help students confront their thinking. Students who are in safe learning environments are willing to risk sharing an incorrect answer with their peers in order to grow mathematically. It is important to model and expect the acceptance of all ideas without derogatory comments. As educators we can model this by recording all answers to be considered without giving any verbal or physical expressions that indicate agreement or disagreement with any answer. The teacher may need to practice having a “blank face.” Students look to teachers as the source of correct answers. Part of building a safe learning community is to shift this source of knowledge to the students, by equipping them to defend the thinking behind their solutions.

요약문: A mathematically productive classroom emerges when teachers suspend immediate judgment and make room for error, because only then can students develop ___(A)___ over ideas and engage in ___(B)___ examination of their reasoning.

① ownership …… candid
② ownership …… passive
③ dependence …… candid
④ dependence …… passive
⑤ obedience …… superficial

2. 다음 글을 읽고, 요약문의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

The usual intercity traveler moves slowly through the station area. The passenger may not be familiar with the routine, have baggage to handle and check or retrieve, have a long wait for connections or delayed trains, and may require information, food, and a comfortable place to sit. Commuters, on the other hand, are familiar with the route through the station, have little or no luggage, and are usually in a hurry. They want direct access to or from local streets and transport. These two types of traffic should be kept separate to avoid conflict and confusion. In some large stations such as Grand Central Terminal in New York City, commuter and intercity trains arrive and depart on different levels. In smaller stations, separate platforms should be used and traffic routed so that the two lines of movement do not cross. In some instances, separate stations are in use. Clear and concise direction and routing signs and other means of channelization are desirable.

요약문:
Effective station design depends on recognizing that rail users operate with different degrees of ___(A)___ and ___(B)___, so circulation systems should guide them along distinct paths rather than force them into shared ones.

① familiarity …… urgency
② familiarity …… isolation
③ predictability …… urgency
④ predictability …… isolation
⑤ uniformity …… congestion