1번. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

That which is forgotten is not always lost. Research shows that memories remain stored even if we can’t readily retrieve them. Take the brain activity of numerous university students who were observed during memory formation and recall. When students were asked to remember as much as they could about a list of words they’d been given earlier in the study, fMRI scans showed that the brain activity throughout recall was the same as in the course of the learning process. Even when students had forgotten most of what they had learned, the original neurological patterns were still picked up, illustrating that the memories were still there despite being unattainable. Much is still unclear regarding how long memories persist, but evidence like this has shown that it might be longer than we think. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that memories are just archived in the less accessible parts of our brains.

① brain memories disappearing despite similar recall activity
② how fMRI scans measure students’ word learning
③ archived memories persisting beyond failed retrieval attempts
④ why forgotten memories are erased from the brain
⑤ the effects of memory training on university students

2. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Assistive technologies allow disabled individuals to perform an array of tasks without the aid of another person, thereby increasing their level of independence. Although recent developments have improved the functionality of assistive technologies, the corresponding increase in complexity necessitates that sufficient training be offered to the people with disabilities who will use them. While some devices can be easily incorporated into a person’s life with a minimum of instruction, others are more sophisticated and require a significant amount of knowledge to be utilized effectively. In fact, a number of studies have shown that people who avoid new assistive technologies report feeling intimidated by the complex interfaces and many optional features, which leads them to believe that they are unqualified to operate them. Fortunately, individuals who are provided with access to ongoing support have an increased likelihood of overcoming this barrier and integrating new assistive technologies into their day-to-day routine, greatly enhancing the overall quality of their life.

① how complex interfaces reduce assistive technology functionality
② ongoing support enabling effective use of assistive technologies
③ disabled individuals avoiding independence through new technologies
④ learning optional features in highly sophisticated devices
⑤ the global market expansion of assistive technology devices

3. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

In Adam Smith’s 1759 work The Theory of Moral Sentiments, he posited that, although everyone is driven to a certain extent by self-interest and personal passions, we act in accordance with others’ expectations. As members of society, we are keenly aware of what behaviors are considered objectionable to the majority and what are not based on the reactions we receive or witness. Because we have a natural ability to empathize and want others to see us as morally accountable, we are taught that we must do what is perceived as the right thing. To help us determine whether we are doing the right thing, Smith suggested that we each have a conscience that informs us of how our behavior will be interpreted. This “impartial spectator,” as he called it, prevents us from being overly interested in our own affairs and causes us to do things that are worthy of society’s praise rather than its reproach.

① how self-interest weakens the moral expectations of society
② conscience guiding self-interest toward socially approved conduct
③ empathizing with others through shared passions and reactions
④ why society should punish objectionable private behavior more severely
⑤ the relationship between moral praise and economic self-interest

4. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

In a study on hidden anger, researchers observed that certain unintended behaviors often come forward. One group of them consists of repetitive physical acts, such as facial tics and spasmodic foot movements. They may also include uncontrollable behaviors such as poor sleeping habits, jaw clenching, and teeth grinding, which others may notice but not associate with anger. Other behaviors are deliberate but not directly linked to anger, and these may be expressed as procrastination, habitual lateness, excessive politeness, or inappropriate sarcasm and flippancy in conversation. Whatever the case, these behaviors are often attributed to harmless personality flaws or eccentricities. Few if any people ever associate them with deeper issues that might have been provoked by anger.

① hidden anger expressed through misread everyday behaviors
② how personality flaws naturally produce repetitive anger behaviors
③ deliberate behaviors as effective ways to reduce anger
④ noticing jaw clenching and poor sleep as anger signs
⑤ the relationship between anger and social conversation skills

5. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

In his 1935 essay “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” Walter Benjamin contended that the aura of original art had disappeared in the modern age as a result of new forms of replicable media technology. For Benjamin, art possessed an aura that was derived from its physical uniqueness. Making a copy, as one might do with a photograph or a film, he argued, removed the artwork from its original context, destroying its authenticity. The destruction of the vital force that gives art its individuality — its spirit — altered the effect of art on viewers. Before the age of mechanical reproduction, viewing an image or an object required one to be in the presence of the original piece, allowing for a more personal experience. By producing copies and making it possible for many people to see the work simultaneously, however, a viewer could no longer be fully absorbed in it because the individual connection was eliminated. Instead, the viewers, “the distracted mass,” collectively absorbed the art.

① how copied art widened access to authentic experience
② mechanical reproduction weakening art’s aura and viewer immersion
③ viewing original art as a ritual of private taste
④ why film and photography best preserve art’s spirit
⑤ the relationship between media technology and collective viewing

6. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

The scientific method is based on the principle of methodological naturalism. Proponents of this approach to providing explanations about the universe assert that truths can only be realized by studying natural events and phenomena. In particular, they prefer that the objects of scientific research be tangible so that it is absolutely clear that they are real and not imagined. The philosophy behind this strategy is that natural things in the physical world can be tested and experimented on, whereas theories about other potential causes for events cannot. Essentially, methodological naturalism embraces the skepticism of the phrase “seeing is believing.” In other words, it does not allow for belief or emotion to be considered. This requirement has formed an essential part of the scientific method since the Enlightenment, when logic and reason began to replace old worldviews.

① how the scientific method replaced all old worldviews
② methodological naturalism guiding science through testable physical phenomena
③ believing unseen causes in scientific explanations of the universe
④ preferring tangible objects in scientific research and experiment
⑤ the relationship between emotion and belief in Enlightenment science