1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

When considering the current state of society, many individuals think that conditions are ①declining and we are facing a crisis. But is this really true? People need to develop a more accurate perspective by relying solely on facts to ②shape their opinions. Of course, it is a natural human instinct to focus on frightening events. This is why people usually remember news stories about serious crimes such as murders much more easily than other types of reports. But this internal filter can easily create the impression that violent acts are occurring with increasing ③frequency. The truth of the matter is that they are more common now than in the past; in fact, the murder rate in the United States has ④dropped by almost 50 percent over the past 30 years. So, it is important to always ask, “Are my beliefs based on ⑤correct information?”

① declining
② shape
③ frequency
④ dropped
⑤ correct

2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

In recent years, a number of anthropologists have decided to ①reverse the lens. Throughout much of the history of this field, researchers from Western countries focused on the study of cultures that were beyond their own experiences. Being an “objective” outsider was thought to be the best way to draw ②valid conclusions about the society being observed. Now, however, some researchers have begun to ③employ anthropological techniques to increase their knowledge of the societies that they themselves are a part of. Noted anthropologist Gillian Tett decided to apply the practices of this discipline to better understand corporations — she used the framework of anthropology to immerse herself in the banking sector and came to the conclusion that “risks were building in this strange, shadowy world.” Because of her willingness to view an aspect of her own culture with the same level of ④bias that anthropologists traditionally strive for when studying more “exotic” ones, Tett was one of the few people to accurately predict the 2008 financial crisis.

① reverse
② valid
③ employ
④ bias
⑤ strange

3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

There is a common assumption that innovation in business is the result of extensive employee ①independence. Imagine a software company that hopes to create groundbreaking applications that will capture the imagination of consumers. To achieve this goal, it may decide to release several of its best developers from their current projects and allow them to ②pursue different ideas without restraint. Contrary to expectation, granting this freedom will not necessarily ③stimulate their creativity or produce breakthrough ideas. The key to meaningful innovation is structure — employees need clearly defined goals, extensive support from management, and systems to ④ignore progress. All of this is necessary to ensure that the ideas being generated are practical and ⑤match the company’s business model, as well as to set up an infrastructure to effectively execute any concepts with the potential to develop into successful products.

① independence
② pursue
③ stimulate
④ ignore
⑤ match

4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Have you ever felt depressed but told a friend “Everything is great”? Chances are, the sound of your voice — and perhaps a sigh — gave you away and failed to convince your friend of the ①accuracy of your statement. According to the results of research published in American Psychologist, up to 24 kinds of emotions are ②recognizable from the tone of our voice and our nonverbal exclamations, known as vocal bursts. They can reveal complex emotions ranging from surprise (gasp) and realization (ohhh) to ③curiosity (ah?) and confusion (huh?). In the study, more than 2,000 vocal bursts were recorded by actors around the world and then ④assessed by people recruited online. All of the vocal bursts were then categorized as correlating with a recognizable emotion. This shows that, whether we are aware of our own vocal bursts or not, others pick up on them and can ⑤dismiss them, suggesting that our feelings are difficult to fake.

① accuracy
② recognizable
③ curiosity
④ assessed
⑤ dismiss

5. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are digital tokens that are purchased and sold online and ①represent real-world objects such as photos, videos, and artwork. NFTs function as certificates of ownership for those items, and these tokens cannot be duplicated, meaning that such a certificate is not interchangeable and there can only be one owner at a time. Although many NFTs are costly, buying them is quickly gaining ②appeal as doing so gives a collector a unique and special connection to the work, with their purchase being marked on a blockchain. However, as there are currently no regulations ③controlling the making and selling of NFTs, there are copyright threats associated with them. This is due to the fact that anyone — not just the copyright holder — can publish a token for a particular item on the blockchain and put that NFT on the market, a process also known as “minting.” This means there is a possibility artists might see an NFT ④destroyed for their work without their permission, which is comparable to using copyrighted material in your work without securing a license. Such unauthorized use can seriously ⑤endanger artists' rights.

① represent
② appeal
③ controlling
④ destroyed
⑤ endanger

6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The Ptolemaic System, devised by Ptolemy in the second century AD, is a mathematical model in which an immobile Earth is situated at the center of the universe. Other celestial bodies, including the planets, Moon, Sun, and stars, ①circle around Earth in this system. According to Ptolemy, the universe is composed of fixed, transparent spheres, and heavenly bodies are attached to these spheres which have their own particular ②movements. The celestial sphere, which is the ③largest, exists to hold the stars and marks the ④edge of this universe. This concept of spheres making up the universe with Earth at its center endured long after Ptolemy and wasn’t ⑤maintained until around 1400 years later. It was then that Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the universe, meaning that Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun.

① circle
② movements
③ largest
④ edge
⑤ maintained

7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

John Cage (1912–1992) was a composer known for ①challenging tradition. He experimented with playing instruments in unconventional ways and piecing together tones and rhythms that did not follow ②accepted musical structures. He is best known for a controversial piece that, from a traditional perspective, can hardly be called “music.” That piece is 4’33”, so named because it lasts exactly four minutes and 33 seconds. For its duration, neither instruments nor vocalists produce a single note. The idea for Cage was that, throughout the period of “silence,” the audience would find that there was not silence at all; they would become ③conscious of the ambient sounds around them that would typically be ignored. Cage had ④rejected with the idea of the piece for years, but he became convinced of its value after spending time in an anechoic chamber, where the silence was so overwhelming that he was able to hear his own blood circulation.

① challenging
② accepted
③ conscious
④ rejected
⑤ overwhelming

8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

“Only in relation to our imagination can things be called beautiful or ugly…” Baruch Spinoza points out the socially ①formed nature of beauty and ugliness through his theories, as ideas and definitions related to these concepts have ②shifted so often over time. Artistically speaking, those words have both had moral and aesthetic implications; “ugly” has denoted the bad while “beautiful” has been applied to the good. But are these terms this simple? Why must “ugly” have a ③positive connotation? After all, ugly art can be interesting and unique. In fact, pieces that we deem ugly can make those who gaze upon them think, and can ④arouse a state of being receptive to new ideas: something a typically beautiful piece of art could have a more difficult time accomplishing. By using fine art techniques to make something look “ugly,” an artist can ⑤promote more critical discourse between people as they view the piece.

① formed
② shifted
③ positive
④ arouse
⑤ promote